I have been asked many times about how to determine when you should increase your weights, number of repetitions, sets, and the like. Your body actually has a pretty simple way of telling you when it is time to move up: it gets easy.
The whole point of training or learning any new skill is to improve. So, don't be too surprised or bent out of shape when it actually occurs. That was the whole point of all the effort! However, to stay exactly how you are, you must maintain the same level of discipline and intensity you have right now. If you are not quite to the state you wish to be in, you have to do more.
The simplest way to demonstrate how your body does this is to use the example of how a callous gets built up on your hand. If you never did manual labor such as yard work, your hands would be smooth and soft. While you may be eligible to become a hand model for a catalog, you have not built up a lot of protection when manual labor may be required.
If you overdo it one day and spend 12 hours in the yard raking, shoveling and pulling weeds, you get blisters. This is because you overdid it without the proper acclimation period.
However, if you gradually build up the amount of yard work you do over several weekends, you not only get a pretty lawn, but callouses on your hands. The more work you do, the tougher and thicker they become. Do not kid yourself though: as soon as you cut back on that lawn work (like during the winter months), those callouses go away quickly.
Your body reponds the same way in a more complex manner when you exercise whether it is running, weight training or some other form or exertion. To improve requires more effort than the last time. And, when you stop, the changes quickly dissipate.
So, how does a busy rainmaker "do more" when they are already pressed for time and energy? Here are some suggestions on how to increase your effort without having to create extra hours in the day or shirk other obligations:
- Increase the intensity. This first one is simple: if what you are doing right now is easy, increase the amount of effort. For example, this may be raising the weight you are using per set of an exercise or the speed you are running. It is pretty simple math. If you increase any of these variables by 10%, you are doing 10% more work. When that gets easy, increase it again.
- Decrease the rest interval. If you are pressed for time, decrease the amount of time you rest between sets in weight training or the frequency that you do cardiovascular activities. Think about it this way: if you normally lift something that weighs 50 pounds 10 times for 3 sets that takes 1 minute with a 2 minute rest interval, that means you have lifted 1500 pounds in seven minutes. If you decrease the rest time to 90 seconds, that means you have lifted the same amount of weight in just six minutes. You have increased effort by 15% in less time.
- Increase the work load. By increasing the distance you run or bike, you have done more work. A great deal of time is spent getting ready to exerise, showering afterwards and other non-productive activities. The incremental increase in distance is actually a very small percentage of the time you must devote to your total exercise time period. Once you get to a point where you have no more time to add to your training, increase the speed. Now you are doing more work in the same period of time. With weight training, it is even easier---just increase the number of repetitions. Keep in mind that once you cross the upper boundaries of repetition ranges (5-8 for strength, 8-12 for size and tone, 12-15 for endurance), it is time to increase the weight.
Like a number of people you know, your body will only do as much as it has to. If you want to give it a good kick in the pants and keep improving, you can't let life get too easy. You MUST do more.